Archive for the 'coal mines' Category

Jan 11 2010

Coal Mine Followup

Published by Forager under coal mines, uw-jsis

Just saw two pieces of news – “浙商发布投资黑名单惹争议 山西因煤改位居榜首”, “发改委、能源局通报山西省煤矿企业兼并重组成果”

The essence of the news is that in Shanxi, the tide has shifted. The government has undertaken policy changes to force industry consolidation. So much so that private capital starts to lose interest in this strategic industry.

According to Xinhua-

整合重组后,山西省矿井数由2600座减少到1053座,70%的矿井规模达到年产90万吨以上,年产30万吨以下的 小煤矿全部淘汰,平均单井规模由年产30万吨提高到年产100万吨以上,保留矿井将全部实现机械化开采。产业集中度明显提高,企业主体由2200多家减少 到130家,形成4个年生产能力亿吨级的特大型煤炭集团、3个年生产能力5000万吨级以上的大型煤炭集团。

Since this is the field where I ended my study on, it was really exciting to hear the good news. And I am kind surprised the change comes much earlier than I anticipated. It is really uplifting.

Of course, I don’t think the book is totally close shut. I still have questions about how the consolidation was financed, or was it by fiat? If it was financed by State money (national banks), this is a good case to show why, sometimes, “crowding out” private capital may not be a bad thing at all.

So much has changed after I wrote the paper. I wonder how I would write it now if I were given the chance.

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May 27 2008

My Jackson School Papers

Published by Forager under coal mines, uw-jsis

I have very mixed feelings about the papers I just finished.

The first one, the coal mine paper, started in Christine Wong’s class. I was driven by the non-stop coal mine disasters. But never found a framework in CW’s class that I can fit the paper in. CW’s class is perhaps best for MPA students: full of details but lack of narrative. And that is how the first version of this coal paper ended up with.

However, while writing it, I came to realize how BS it is for the showy part of the post-diaster damage control: officials crying for the victims and blaming everything on the locals. It was too late to change anything then.

In winter quarter, I started to consider developing my late realization into a full thesis. Gary really liked it. We hit it off really well. But none others did. Whiting’s reactions really stung. So I lived on Gary’s emotional and academic life support for about a whole quarter. I almost wandered into the Tibetan issue before Migdal stopped me cold. Only then did I forced myself to come up with something: a thesis, a framework, a narrative so I can put things together. I kept telling everyone I had everything ready, I only need a spark.

The spark came late but I delivered on the promise. The first draft took me about ten days. The second a week and last about two and half days. By no means I am satisfied with the final version. I probably never will.

The second paper was the one I did for Chirot’s ethnic conflict class. He has a sharp eye for the world and humanity and a warm personality, but not as much an eloquent lecturer as Joel. I remember after reading Herbst’s book on Africa, I was pretty disturbed and asked whether it was OK to left power consolidation to take its own course. He seemed to agree with that. It was a pretty gutsy statement.

Anyway, that paper was about natioanlism in Jamaica and Puerto Rico. Dan still wonders how I picked those two (answer: inspired by “Life in Debt”) But that was a fun little paper. It was one of those cases where I had little trouble finding support for my argument and was full of “a-ha” moments.

The current version of the coal mine paper is here.

Some excerpts:

Abstract

Today, China has the World’s worst coal mine safety record. According to one account, the number of deaths per million ton in China is about 100 times of that of the U.S., 30 times of that of South Africa, and 10 times of that of India. Although coal mining is considered one of the most dangerous industrial occupations, the fact that fatality rate remains so high for so long (for at least two decades) suggests that something is fundamentally wrong with the Chinese coal industry.

To answer the question, “Why fatality rate remains so high for so long in Chinese coal mines”, this paper studies China’s industrial policy with regard to the coal industry and the impact such a policy had on economic and institutional development. We find that the decentralization development model, often credited with having successfully transitioned China out of planned economy, may be responsible for a larger share of coal mine safety problem than some other popularly accepted factors. In other words, the structural cause of coal mine disasters is a case of flawed development policy.

Comment: promising but fuzzy.

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May 10 2008

Chinese Taxes

消费税: 征收消费税的产品原来是征收产品税或增值税的,先改为征收增值税后,这些产品的原税负有较大幅度的下降
http://baike.baidu.com/view/278.htm

企业所得税有两种征收方式:核定征收和查帐征收;
http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/8610990.html

国税和地税有什么区别
http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/19602865.html

上述税种中除增值税与企业所得税(2002年1月1日新设立的企业)向国税局申报缴纳外,其他均向地税局申报缴纳。
http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/39533017.html?fr=qrl

地方税收,地税,local tax revenue
今年1至11月,普安县突破去年财政总收入1·646亿元大关
截至11月底,累计提供煤炭税费1亿多元。
http://www.gz.xinhuanet.com/zfpd/2006-12/07/content_8726866.htm

我县地税收入情况的调查与思考
2004年全县征收入库地方税收2521.5万元,而13户煤电企业(其中煤炭企业8户,电力企业5户)虽仅占全县165户工业企业总数的7.9%,但缴纳地方税收1572万元,占到当年地税收入的62.3%,加上煤电产业带动实现的交通运输业税收650万元,煤电产业对地方税收的贡献率达到了88%。
http://www.snbinxian.gov.cn/Article_Show.asp?ArticleID=6599

“8.7”矿难后续影响。“8.7”矿难发生后,梅州市全面关闭了煤矿,这不仅直接导致该行业税源彻底消失,还对房地产业、建筑业、建材工业、电力、交通运输等相关行业带来间接影响,
http://www.gdltax.gov.cn/admin/vfs/gd/content/contentTemplate.jsp?ContentId=1006356&siteName=gd&styleName=blue

镇域内各类工商企业(不包括大宁煤矿)为国家提供国税收入2000万元,地税收入500万元;镇财政预算外收入2031万元。镇财政外预算收入主要来源于煤炭企业。农民主要经济收入来源于当地煤矿、铁厂等劳务收入(占60%)、
http://www.ycrx.com/v2005/2008-2/2008217212228.htm

Common reasons of why …
撤职之后异地升职是官场的腐败
腐败 ,矿难频发的幕后”元凶”
矿难频发是广大农民工贫困生活的真实写照。

Additional investment in coal mines
国家积极支持煤矿安全生产 59亿投入安全改造

Tim Wright’s theme
贫困是安全的大敌
http://www.dss.gov.cn/rdzt/jxzy.htm

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